Statistical Excel Functions

Analyze data with statistical functions

Reporting and aggregation

  • Central tendency → [AVERAGE](/functions/average/), [MEDIAN](/functions/median/), [MODE.SNGL](/functions/mode-sngl/)
  • Count with rules → [COUNTIF](/functions/countif/) and [COUNTIFS](/functions/countifs/)
  • Distinct values → [UNIQUE](/functions/unique/) + [COUNTA](/functions/counta/) in Microsoft 365
  • Compare counting → [COUNTIF vs COUNTIFS](/compare/countif-vs-countifs/)

Analysis workflows

  • Filter then summarize with pivot tables → [Pivot tables guide](/guides/excel-pivot-tables-guide/)
  • Fix miscounts → [COUNTIF not counting text](/problems/countif-not-counting-text/)
  • Trim text before COUNTIF → [TRIM](/functions/trim/) in the criteria range

Functions in this category

  • COUNTIF: Counts the number of cells that meet a criterion.
  • AVERAGE: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments.
  • COUNTIFS: Counts cells that meet multiple criteria across multiple ranges.
  • AVERAGEIF: Returns the average of cells that meet a single criterion.
  • MAX: Returns the largest value in a set of values.
  • MIN: Returns the smallest value in a set of values.
  • COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.
  • COUNTA: Counts the number of cells that are not empty.
  • AVERAGEIFS: Returns the average of cells that meet multiple criteria.
  • MAXIFS: Returns the maximum value among cells that meet multiple criteria.
  • MINIFS: Returns the minimum value among cells that meet multiple criteria.
  • LARGE: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set.
  • SMALL: Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.
  • RANK.EQ: Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.
  • RANK.AVG: Returns the rank of a number, with average rank for ties.
  • PERCENTILE.INC: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range (inclusive).
  • QUARTILE.INC: Returns the quartile of a data set (inclusive).
  • STDEV.P: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population.
  • STDEV.S: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.
  • VAR.P: Calculates variance based on the entire population.
  • VAR.S: Estimates variance based on a sample.
  • MODE.SNGL: Returns the most frequently occurring value in a data set.
  • CORREL: Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets.
  • COVARIANCE.P: Returns population covariance between two data sets.
  • FORECAST.LINEAR: Calculates a future value using linear regression.
  • SLOPE: Returns the slope of the linear regression line.
  • INTERCEPT: Returns the y-intercept of the linear regression line.
  • AVEDEV: Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean.
  • BETA.DIST: Returns the beta cumulative distribution function.
  • BETA.INV: Returns the inverse of the beta cumulative distribution function.
  • BINOM.DIST: Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.
  • BINOM.INV: Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value.
  • CHISQ.DIST: Returns the chi-squared distribution.
  • CHISQ.INV: Returns the inverse of the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
  • CHISQ.TEST: Returns the test for independence using chi-squared distribution.
  • CONFIDENCE.NORM: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean using normal distribution.
  • CONFIDENCE.T: Returns the confidence interval for a population mean using Student's t-distribution.
  • EXPON.DIST: Returns the exponential distribution.
  • F.DIST: Returns the F probability distribution.
  • F.INV: Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
  • F.TEST: Returns the result of an F-test for variance comparison.
  • FISHER: Returns the Fisher transformation at x.
  • FISHERINV: Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.
  • GAMMA: Returns the gamma function value.
  • GAMMA.DIST: Returns the gamma distribution.
  • GAMMA.INV: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.
  • GAMMALN: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
  • GEOMEAN: Returns the geometric mean of an array or range of positive data.
  • HARMEAN: Returns the harmonic mean of a data set of positive numbers.
  • HYPGEOM.DIST: Returns the hypergeometric distribution.
  • KURT: Returns the kurtosis of a data set, measuring the peakedness of the distribution.
  • SKEW: Returns the skewness of a distribution, measuring asymmetry.
  • LINEST: Returns the parameters of a linear trend using least squares method.
  • LOGEST: Returns the parameters of an exponential trend using least squares.
  • GROWTH: Returns values along an exponential trend.
  • TREND: Returns values along a linear trend.
  • FREQUENCY: Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array.
  • NORM.DIST: Returns the normal distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation.
  • NORM.INV: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution.
  • NORM.S.DIST: Returns the standard normal distribution (mean=0, std=1).
  • NORM.S.INV: Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution.
  • LOGNORM.DIST: Returns the lognormal distribution.
  • LOGNORM.INV: Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.
  • NEGBINOM.DIST: Returns the negative binomial distribution.
  • PEARSON: Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.
  • POISSON.DIST: Returns the Poisson distribution.
  • RSQ: Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (R²).
  • STANDARDIZE: Returns a normalized value (z-score) from a distribution.
  • STEYX: Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression.
  • T.DIST: Returns the Student's t-distribution.
  • T.DIST.2T: Returns the two-tailed Student's t-distribution.
  • T.INV: Returns the left-tailed inverse of the Student's t-distribution.
  • T.INV.2T: Returns the two-tailed inverse of the Student's t-distribution.
  • T.TEST: Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test.
  • TRIMMEAN: Returns the mean of the interior of a data set, excluding a percentage of outliers.
  • WEIBULL.DIST: Returns the Weibull distribution.
  • Z.TEST: Returns the one-tailed p-value of a z-test.
  • DEVSQ: Returns the sum of squares of deviations of data points from their sample mean.
  • PERCENTILE.EXC: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive.
  • QUARTILE.EXC: Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive.
  • PERCENTRANK.INC: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, inclusive).
  • PERCENTRANK.EXC: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive).
  • MODE.MULT: Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring values in a data set.
  • COVARIANCE.S: Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products of deviations for each data point pair.
  • FORECAST.ETS: Returns a future value based on existing values using AAA version of Exponential Smoothing.
  • FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT: Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date.
  • FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY: Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series.
  • FORECAST.ETS.STAT: Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting.
  • SKEW.P: Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population.
  • PROB: Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits.
  • PERCENTOF: Calculates the percentage that a subset represents of a total.
  • MEDIAN: Returns the median (middle value) of the given numbers. The median is the number in the middle of a set of numbers.
  • COUNTBLANK: Counts the number of empty cells in a specified range.
  • AVERAGEA: Calculates the average of values including text and logical values. Text and FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1.
  • MAXA: Returns the largest value in a list of arguments, including text and logical values. Text and FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1.
  • MINA: Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including text and logical values. Text and FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1.
  • FORECAST: Calculates a future value based on existing values using linear regression.
  • GAUSS: Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution.
  • PHI: Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution.
  • BINOM.DIST.RANGE: Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution.
  • CHISQ.DIST.RT: Returns the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
  • CHISQ.INV.RT: Returns the inverse of the right-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.
  • F.DIST.RT: Returns the right-tailed F probability distribution.
  • F.INV.RT: Returns the inverse of the right-tailed F probability distribution.
  • T.DIST.RT: Returns the right-tailed Student's t-distribution.
  • GAMMALN.PRECISE: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function with higher precision.
  • STDEVA: Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including text and logical values.
  • STDEVPA: Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including text and logical values.
  • VARA: Estimates variance based on a sample, including text and logical values.
  • VARPA: Calculates variance based on the entire population, including text and logical values.