Logical formula learning path

Excel IF Functions Guide

Learn IF, IFS, SWITCH, AND, OR, and nested logic formulas for decisions, labels, flags, and business rules in Excel.

Build logic in layers

  • Use IF for one condition with one result when true and another when false.
  • Use AND and OR inside IF when several tests must be evaluated together.
  • Use IFS or SWITCH when a nested IF formula becomes difficult to read.

Make logic formulas easier to debug

  • Test each condition in its own helper cell before combining it into a larger formula.
  • Keep text results inside quotation marks and numeric results outside quotation marks.
  • Watch for comparison operators such as >, >=, <, <=, and =.